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• This initiative is to bring together existing programmes for IFA supplementation for:
– pregnant and lactating women and;
– children in the age group of 6–60 months) and
– Introduce new age groups.
• Thus National Iron+ Initiative will reach the following age groups for supplementation or preventive programming:
– Bi-weekly iron supplementation for preschool children 6 months to 5 years
– Weekly supplementation for children from 1st to 5th grade in Govt. & Govt. Aided schools

• The National Prophylaxis Programme against Nutritional Blindness due to vitamin A deficiency (NPPNB due to VAD) was started in 1970
– with the specific aim of preventing nutritional blindness due to keratomalacia
– As an urgent measure to combat the unacceptably high magnitude of xerophthalmic blindness in the country seen in the 1950s and 1960s
• The Programme was started as a 100 per cent centrally sponsored programme

References:
WHO (2005) Manual for participants; Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment (ETAT)
Facility based IMNCI - Participant Manual. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India, 2009

Reference:
Marcia L. London. Pediatric Assessment. Maternal & Child Nursing Care, Ed 3rd, Prentice Hall, 2010: 961-1022.
Seidel, H.M.Ball, J.W,Dains, J.,& Benedict,G.W.(2003). Mosby’s guide to physical examination (5th ed.).St.Louis,MO: Mosby

References:
Marcia L. London. Pediatric Assessment. Maternal & Child Nursing Care, Ed 3rd, Prentice Hall, 2010: 961-1022.
Byrnes,K. Conducting the paediatric health history: A guide Pediatric Nursing, 1996; 22: 135–137

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index measuring achievement in key dimensions of human development:
1. A long and healthy life,
2. Being knowledgeable and
3. Have a decent standard of living.

A. Consolidates three indicators:
1. Infant mortality rate
2. Literacy rate
3. Life expectancy at one year of age

B. For EACH component, the performance of the country is placed on a scale from 0 to 100
• 0 = ‘worst performance’
• 100 = ‘Best performance’
The average (arithmetic mean) of the three scores is calculated, which is the PQLI for the country
It also obviously ranges from 0 to 100
Hence, an EQUAL weightage is given to each component

E.g. when a health intervention is aimed at preventing or treating a non- fatal disease, the relationship between QUALYs gained and DALYs saved depend on age of onset, duration of disease as well as the quality of life and disability weights
Reference:
Franco Sassi. Calculating QALYs, comparing QALY and DALY calculations, Health Policy Plan (2006) 21 (5): 402-408

• A measure of disease burden including both:
– Quality and
– Quantity of life lived
• Used mainly for assessing the value for money of a medical intervention i.e. cost – effective analysis for comparing different interventions
• Based on the number of QUALYs gained by the intervention
• Each year in perfect health = 1.0
• Death = 0.0
• 1 QUALY = one year of life X one utility value = one year of life lived in perfect health
• Half a year lived in perfect health is equivalent to 0.5 QUALY = 1 year X 0.5 utility value

• Previously k/a DALE (Disability Adjusted Life Expectancy)
• Definition: equivalent number of years in “full health” that a new-born can expect to live based on current rates of ill health and mortality
• Indicator used to measure healthy life expectancy
• Based on:
o life expectancy at birth BUT
o Includes an adjustment for time spent in poor health as perceived by the individuals in the following areas of their personal health:
1. Sensory ( vision, hearing and speech),
2. Mobility,