For an updated list till December, 2023 click here
1. National Health Mission
Communicable Diseases
1. Revised National TB Control Programme(RNTCP)
2. National Leprosy Eradication Programme
(For video lecture on NLEP click link: http://www.ihatepsm.com/resource/national-leprosy-eradication-programme-...)
3. National Filaria Control Programme
4. National Aids Control Programme
5. Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP)
6. National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)
Non-Communicable Diseases, Injury & Trauma
1. School Health Programme
2. National Programme on Prevention and Control of Diabetes, CVD and Stroke
3. National Programme for Prevention and Control of Deafness
4. Universal Immunization Programme (RTI ACT, 2005)
5. National Cancer Control Programme
6. National Mental Health Programme
7. National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme
8. National Programme for Control of Blindness
(For video lecture on NPCB click link: http://www.ihatepsm.com/resource/national-program-control-blindness-npcb)
9. National Programme for Prevention and Control of Fluorosis (NPPCF)
10. National Tobacco Control Program
11. National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE)
Other programs
1. Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY)
Ministry of Social Welfare
2. ICDS scheme
Ministry of Social Welfare
3. Mid-day meal program
Ministry of Rural Development
4. Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM)
National Health Mission
National Rural Health Mission was launched in 2005.
Under NRHM, financial assistance has been provided to the States/UTs for health systems strengthening which includes
o Augmentation of infrastructure,
o Human resources and programme management,
o Emergency response services,
o Mobile Medical Units,
o Community participation including
Engagement of ASHAs,
Involvement of Rogi Kalyan Samitis,
o Mainstreaming of AYUSH and availability of drugs and equipment
Two sub-missions
NRHM – National Rural Health Mission (2005) – converted to ‘National Health Mission’ NHM (2013)
NUHM – National Urban Health Mission (2013) - to meet health care needs of the urban population with the focus on urban poor -
Components of NHM:
1. Health Systems Strengthening
o Adoption of Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)
2. RMNCH + A: Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health
Maternal Health
o Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram
o Janani Suraksha Yojna
Child Health
o Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karayakaram
o Facility based new-born and child care
o IMNCI
o Facility based IMNCI (F - IMNCI)
o Home based newborn care
o Navjat shishu suraksha karyakram
o Nutritional rehabilitation centres
o Reduction in morbidity and mortality due to ARI and diarrhoea
o Supplementation with micronutrients
Immunisation
o UIP and
o Pulse Polio programs
Adolescent Health (RKSK)
o Adolescent friendly health clinics
o Weekly Iron and Folic acid supplementation (WIFS)
o Menstrual Hygiene Scheme
Family Planning
National Disease Control Programs
Goals of NHM
Reduce MMR to 1/1000 live births
2. Reduce IMR to 25/1000 live births
3. Reduce TFR to 2.1
4. Prevention and reduction of anaemia in women aged 15–49 years
5. Prevent and reduce mortality & morbidity from communicable, non- communicable; injuries and emerging diseases
6. Reduce household out-of-pocket expenditure on total health care expenditure
7. Reduce annual incidence and mortality from Tuberculosis by half
8. Reduce prevalence of Leprosy to <1/10000 population and incidence to zero in all districts
9. Annual Malaria Incidence to be <1/1000
10. Less than 1 per cent microfilaria prevalence in all districts
11. Kala-azar Elimination by 2015, <1 case per 10000 population in all blocks
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme
For prevention and control of vector borne diseases i.e.
o Malaria,
o Dengue,
o Lymphatic Filariasis,
o Kala-azar,
o Japanese Encephalitis and
o Chikungunya
Guidelines for Indoor Residual Spray (IRS)
Using insecticide treated net (ITNS) and long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINS)
Use of Larvivorous Fish for Vector Control
Guideline for Supply, Distribution and Communication on Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets – Orissa 2009
Guidelines on Proper Storage, Safe Handling and Disposal of Insecticides
Environmental Codes of Practice (ECoP)
Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP)
Testing and screening for Pulmonary TB 1.1 Testing:
• Any person with symptoms and signs suggestive of TB including cough >2 weeks, fever >2 weeks, significant weight loss, haemoptysis etc. and any abnormality in chest radiograph must be evaluated for TB.
• Children with persistent fever and/or cough >2 weeks, loss of weight / no weight gain, and/or contact with pulmonary TB cases must be evaluated for TB.
Diagnostic technology 2.1 Microbiological confirmation on sputum:
• All patients (adults, adolescents, and children who are capable of producing sputum) with presumptive pulmonary TB should undergo quality-assured sputum test for rapid diagnosis of TB (with at least two samples, including one early morning sample for sputum smeer for AFB) for microbiological confirmation.
2.2 Chest X-ray as screening tool:
• Where available, chest X-ray should be used as a screening tool to increase the sensitivity of the diagnostic algorithm.
Treatment with DOTS
o initial intensive phase and continuation phase
o drug regimen according to the category of the patient
o follow up using sputum microscopy
o drug resistant TB treatment
National Leprosy Eradication Programme
Decentralized integrated leprosy services through general health care system
Early detection and complete treatment of new leprosy cases
House hold contact survey for Multibacillary and child cases
Early diagnosis and prompt MDT
MB case: Rifampicin, Dapsone and Clofazimine, 12 pulses in 18 months
PB case: Rifampicin and Dapson, 6 pulses in 9 months
Involvement of ASHA’s for early detection and completion of MDT
Disability prevention and Medical Rehabilitation (DPMR) services
IEC for reduction of stigma and encourage self-reporting to PHCs
Intensive monitoring at PHC/CHC level
Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP)
o Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) was launched with World Bank assistance in November 2004 to detect and respond to disease outbreaks quickly
o Surveillance units have been established in all states/districts
o IT network connecting 776 sites in States/District HQ and premier institutes has been established with the help of National Informatics Centre (NIC) and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) for data entry, training, video conferencing and outbreak discussion
o Under the programme weekly disease surveillance data on epidemic prone disease are being collected from reporting units such as sub centres, primary health centres, community health centres, hospitals including government and private sector hospitals and medical colleges.
o The data are being collected on ‘S’ syndromic; ‘P’ probable; & ‘L’ laboratory formats using standard case definitions
o States/districts have been asked to notify the outbreaks immediately to the system
o Media scanning and verification cell (MSVC) was established under IDSP in July 2008 to improve Event-Based Surveillance & to catch unusual health events reported in the media
o District laboratories are being strengthened for diagnosis of epidemic prone diseases
National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program
o Surveys to assess the magnitude of the Iodine Deficiency Disorders.
o Supply of iodated salt in place of common salt.
o Resurvey after every 5 years to assess the extent of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and the impact of lodated salt.
o Laboratory monitoring of iodated salt and urinary iodine excretion.
o Health education & Publicity.
National AIDS Control Program
o National AIDS Control Organisation is a division of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare that provides leadership to HIV/AIDS control programme in India through 35 HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Societies
o The objective of NACP-I (1992-1999) was to control the spread of HIV infection
o During NACP-II (1999-2006) a number of new initiatives were undertaken
o Targeted Interventions were started through NGOs, with a focus on High Risk Groups (HRGs) viz. commercial sex workers (CSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDUs), and bridge populations (truckers and migrants).
o Behaviour Change Communication,
o management of STDs and
o condom promotion
o Efforts towards Infection Control and Waste Management have already been introduced under NACP Phase III
o development of guidelines on ICWM,
o training manuals, training of various categories of medical and other technical professionals,
o special focus and guidelines on needles disposal and management for IDU interventions,
o ensuring adequate supplies for Personal Protective Equipment and
o inclusion of IC activities through TI monitoring reports
o NACP phase IV is scheduled to start from April 2012
o Strategy 1: Intensifying and consolidating prevention services with a focus on (a) high-risk groups and vulnerable population and (b) general population.
o Strategy 2 Expanding IEC services for (a) general population and (b) high-risk groups with a focus on behavior change and demand generation.
o Strategy 3: Increasing access and promoting comprehensive care, support and treatment
o Strategy 4: Building capacities at national, state, district and facility levels
o Strategy 5: Strengthening Strategic Information Management Systems
o key priorities under NACP-IV are:
o Preventing new infections by sustaining the reach of current interventions and effectively addressing emerging epidemics.
o Preventing Parent-to-child transmission.
o Focusing on IEC strategies for behavior change in HRG, awareness among general population and demand-generation for HIV services
o Providing comprehensive care, support and treatment to eligible PLHIV.
o Reducing stigma and discrimination through Greater involvement of PLHIV (GIPA)
o Ensuring effective use of strategic information at all levels of programme
o Building capacities of NGO and civil society partners especially in states of emerging epidemics.
o Integrating HIV services with the health system in a phased manner.
o Mainstreaming HIV/AIDS activities with all key central- and state-level Ministries/departments and leveraging resources of the respective departments
o Leveraging social protection and insurance mechanisms
National Programme for Control of Blindness
(lecture available at: http://www.ihatepsm.com/resource/national-program-control-blindness-npcb)
o Organizational Structure
o Strategies
To reduce the backlog of avoidable blindness
– through identification and treatment of the curable blind at all the three (primary, secondary and tertiary) levels
To develop Comprehensive Eye Care facilities in every district as the strategy for controlling blindness and not just curative, i.e. “Eye Health for All”
Upgradation of Regional Institutes of Ophthalmology (RIO’s) to become centers of excellence in the sub-specialties of ophthalmology
To improve quality of service delivery by strengthening the existing infrastructure facilities and additional human resources for these
To enhance community awareness on eye care especially PREVENTIVE measures
Encourage research for prevention of blindness and visual impairment
To secure participation of Voluntary Organizations/Private Practitioners in eye Care.
Active screening of population above 50 years of age for cataract (reducing backlog)
Screening of children for refractive errors and provision of free glasses to the needy
Coverage of the underserved areas with eye care
Capacity building by improving the quality of skill of eye care providers
IEC activities for creating awareness on eye care in the community
RIO’s, ophthalmology institutes and medical colleges to be improved and strengthened
District hospitals also to be strengthened by upgrading infrastructure and contractual staff and funds
Emphasis on PRIMARY eye care and establish vision centers on all PHC’s
Creating Multipurpose District Mobile Ophthalmic Units for improving coverage
Vision 2020: Right to Sight
For lecture on NPCB click: http://www.ihatepsm.com/resource/national-program-control-blindness-npcb
National Mental Health Program
The Government of India has launched the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) in 1982,
objectives:
To ensure the availability and accessibility of minimum mental healthcare for all in the foreseeable future, particularly to the most vulnerable and underprivileged sections of the population
To encourage the application of mental health knowledge in general healthcare and in social development; and
To promote community participation in the mental health service development and to stimulate efforts towards self-help in the community
The District Mental Health Program (DMHP) was launched under NMHP in the year 1996
Early detection & treatment.
1. District Mental Health Programme (DMHP) The main objective of DMHP is to provide Community Mental Health Services and integration of mental health with General health services through decentralization of treatment from Specialized Mental Hospital based care to primary health care services.
2. The DMHP envisages a community based approach to the problem, which includes:
Training of mental health team at identified nodal institutions
Increase awareness & reduce stigma related to Mental Health problems
Provide service for early detection & treatment of mental illness in the community (OPD/ Indoor & follow up)
Provide valuable data & experience at the level of community at the state & center for future planning & improvement in service & research.
The team of workers at the district under the program consists of
1. a Psychiatrist,
2. a Clinical Psychologist,
3. a Psychiatric Social worker,
4. a Psychiatry/Community Nurse,
5. a Program Manager,
6. a Program/Case Registry Assistant and
7. a Record Keeper
National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes, CVD and Stroke
The pilot phase of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPDCS) was launched in January, 2008
On a pilot basis, the NPDCS has been initiated in10 districts in10 States
NPDCS is aimed at prevention and control of NCDs using
o Health promotion and health education advocacy
o Early detection of people with high levels of risk factors will be done through ‘opportunistic screening’.
o Capacity building of health systems at all levels will be carried out to tackle NCDs and improve the quality of care
District NCD Programmes will include ‘District Health Promotion Centres’ and the ‘District NCD Cells’ for
o Creating awareness on lifestyle related diseases with a focus on the adoption of healthy lifestyles at schools, community, work places etc. and
o Providing opportunistic screening and targeted intervention to reduce mortality and morbidity due to diabetes, CVD and stroke
NPDCS has been integrated with the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
For screening of diabetes, support for Glucometers, Glucostrips and lancets would be provided to the state under NRHM.
The common infrastructure/manpower envisaged can be utilized for early detection of cases, diagnosis, treatment, training and monitoring of different program such as
o National Program for Prevention Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVDs and Stroke (NPCDCS)
o National Program for Health Care of Elderly (NPHCE)
o National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP) and
o National Mental Health Program (NMHP)
National Programme for Prevention and Control of Deafness (NPPCD)
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME
1. To prevent avoidable hearing loss on account of disease or injury
2. Early identification, diagnosis and treatment of ear problems responsible for hearing loss and deafness
3. To medically rehabilitate persons of all age groups, suffering with deafness
4. To strengthen the existing inter-sectoral linkages for continuity of the rehabilitation programme, for persons with deafness
5. To develop institutional capacity for ear care services by providing support for equipment, material and training personnel
COMPONENTS OF THE PROGRAMME
1. Manpower training and development – For prevention, early identification and management of hearing impaired and deafness cases, training would be provided from medical college level specialists (ENT and Audiology) to grass root level workers
2. Capacity building – for the district hospital, community health centers and primary health center in respect of ENT/ Audiology infrastructure
3. Service provision–Early detection and management of hearing and speech impaired cases and rehabilitation, at different levels of health care delivery system
4. Awareness generation through IEC/BCC activities – for early identification of hearing impaired, especially children so that timely management of such cases is possible and to remove the stigma attached to deafness.
District Hospital: It is proposed to strengthen the ear care services at district level by providing manpower support such as
1. one ENT Surgeon,
2. one Audiologist,
3. one Audiometric Assistant and
4. one Instructor for hearing impaired
At each district on contractual basis
Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY)
The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) was announced in 2003 with objectives of correcting regional imbalances in the availability of affordable/ reliable tertiary healthcare services and also to augment facilities for quality medical education in the country.
PMSSY has two components:
1. Setting up of AIIMS like institutions and
2. Upgradation of Government medical college institutions.
Six AIIMS-like institutions, one each in the States of
1. Bihar (Patna),
2. Chhattisgarh (Raipur),
3. Madhya Pradesh (Bhopal),
4. Orissa (Bhubaneswar),
5. Rajasthan (Jodhpur) and
6. Uttaranchal (Rishikesh)
Have been setup under the PMSSY scheme