Two components of diarrhoeal diseases control
A. Short term
– Assessment and appropriate clinical management of cases
B. Long term
1. Better MCH care
2. Preventive strategies
3. Preventing outbreaks
A. Short term – Assessment of hydration and appropriate clinical management of cases
1. Rehydration therapy,
2. Antibiotics ONLY IF indicated
3. Zinc supplementation and
4. Continued feeding
Details in another blog
B. Long Term Interventions for Control
1. Better MCH care
Maternal nutrition: improvement of prenatal nutrition
• Less LBW
• More nutritious breast milk
Child nutrition:
• Promotion of breast feeding
• Timely introduction of adequate complimentary feeding
• Vitamin A supplementation
Immunization
• The vaccine against rotavirus diarrhea has been introduced recently in the National immunization schedule.
• Oral cholera vaccines are available, which gives immunity to 50-60% of those who take the vaccine, and this immunity lasts only a few months.
• Measles vaccine prevents measles. Diarrhea is a frequent complication of measles
2. Other Preventive strategies
-Sanitation
-Adequate and safe drinking water
-Hand washing with soap before cooking, eating, feeding a child and after defecation, cleaning a child and disposing off a child’s stool
-Private and sanitary latrine for each household (if not possible: at least 10 meters away from water source)
- Fly control
-Health education - About Breast feeding, complimentary feed, clean drinking water, sanitary disposal of excreta and hand washing
3. Preventing outbreaks – Surveillance and Control Programs for Diarrheal Diseases
Indicators of Diarrhea Control:
Reference:
K. Park, 2019. Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases, In: Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th ed. Jabalpur, 2019
Clinical features suggestive of dehydration: http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/clinical-features-suggestive-dehydration
ORAL REHYDRATION SALT (ORS): http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/oral-rehydration-salt-ors
Management of Acute Diarrhoea in Children: http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/management-acute-diarrhoea-children
4 Rules of Home Treatment for Diarrhea in Children: http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/4-rules-home-treatment-diarrhea-children
Sugar Salt Solution for Rehydration: http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/sugar-salt-solution-rehydration
6 Steps of ‘Skin Pinch’ Test for Assessing Dehydration: http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/6-steps-%E2%80%98skin-pinch%E2%80%99-test-a...
Some Clinical features of diarrhea due to common causative organisms: http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/some-clinical-features-diarrhea-due-common-...
Principles of management of diarrhea: http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/principles-management-diarrhea
Control of diarrheal diseases: http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/control-diarrheal-diseases
Indicators of Diarrhea Control: http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/indicators-diarrhea-control
Vaccines for prevention of diarrhea: http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/vaccines-prevention-diarrhea
Lecture on acute diarrheal disaeses-1 (epidemiology): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VMSn7mJgm8&t=215s
Lecture on acute diarrheal disaeses-2 (control): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85iOg3GNevU&t=41s
Lecture (HINDI) on acute diarrheal disaeses-1 (epidemiology): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-bOaC55u-g&t=5s
Lecture (HINDI) on acute diarrheal disaeses-2 (control): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acc-nqkjar4&t=1s